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Efficient underwater 3D shape measurement with robust dual-phase complementary unwrapping.

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    This study introduces a dual-phase complementary unwrapping method (DPC-Unwrap) to enhance underwater 3D measurement accuracy. The novel approach effectively corrects phase errors caused by scattering, improving robustness in turbid waters.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Marine Technology

    Background:

    • Underwater 3D measurement using phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) is challenged by light scattering and absorption.
    • Gray-code temporal phase unwrapping suffers from fringe order mismatches and phase-jump errors due to underwater scattering and phase instability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust and efficient method for high-precision underwater 3D measurement.
    • To address the limitations of existing phase unwrapping techniques in turbid water conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a dual-phase complementary unwrapping method (DPC-Unwrap) for absolute phase reconstruction using two π-shifted wrapped phases.
    • Implemented a hybrid ternary-binary Gray-code scheme with asymmetric gray-level mapping to enhance decoding reliability.
    • Validated the method through water-tank experiments, turbidity-varying tests, and field measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The DPC-Unwrap method effectively suppresses phase-jump errors and phase unwrapping failures.
    • Achieved millimeter-level measurement accuracy in diverse underwater environments.
    • Demonstrated improved robustness and encoding efficiency under scattering interference.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DPC-Unwrap method significantly enhances the performance of underwater fringe projection profilometry (FPP).
    • The approach is suitable for high-precision optical 3D measurement in complex natural waters, overcoming scattering and absorption issues.