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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

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A Multi-Channel AM-TMAS Driving System Based on Amplitude-Modulated Sine Waves.

Yiheng Shi1,2,3, Ze Li1,2,3, Ruixu Liu1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a 64-channel transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) system for non-invasive brain stimulation. The system precisely generates rhythmic electrical signals, offering a new tool for brain research and non-pharmacological therapies.

Keywords:
amplitude modulationdeep brain stimulationfield-programmable gate array (FPGA)multi-channel synchronizationrhythmic neural stimulationtranscranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Modulating brain rhythms with physical stimuli aids neural mechanism research and non-pharmacological treatments for brain disorders.
  • Noninvasive, focal, low-frequency rhythmic electrical stimulation of deep-brain structures is a key goal for neuromodulation.
  • Existing methods require improved hardware platforms for precise control and deep-brain targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and implement a multi-channel transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (AM-TMAS) driving system.
  • To provide a reliable hardware platform for noninvasive, focal, low-frequency rhythmic electrical stimulation of deep-brain structures.
  • To enable precise modulation of specific brain-rhythm bands for research and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 64-channel amplitude-modulated (AM) sine wave driving system using an FPGA and high-speed DACs.
  • Implemented a high-fidelity AM waveform generation method (DDS + LUT + envelope multiplication) for precise carrier and envelope frequency control.
  • Tested multi-channel output performance and measured magneto-acoustic-coupled rhythmic electrical signals in physiological saline.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved high-fidelity AM waveform generation with flexible carrier (100 kHz–2 MHz) and envelope (0.1 Hz–100 kHz) frequencies.
  • Demonstrated excellent frequency stability (measured carrier 499.998 kHz) and high envelope fidelity (NRMSEs of 1.0795% at 8 Hz and 1.9212% at 40 Hz).
  • Generated rhythmically modulated electrical responses in saline using the AM-TMAS system under a static magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AM-TMAS driver offers high accuracy in AM waveform generation and robust multi-channel performance.
  • The system can produce rhythmically modulated magneto-acoustic electrical stimulation when combined with an external static magnetic field.
  • This platform serves as a practical tool for brain-function research and the development of rhythm-targeted neuromodulation therapies.