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Updated: May 5, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Published on: July 28, 2013

HIV-Associated Microstructural Abnormalities in Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks: Insights from

Md Nasir Uddin^1,2,3, Abrar Faiyaz¹, Chase R Figley⁴

¹Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

People with HIV (PWH) show brain microstructural changes impacting cognition. Tensor-valued diffusion MRI (dMRI) reveals network-specific vulnerabilities in PWH, suggesting it as a biomarker for cognitive impairment.

Keywords:

HIV brain cognition default mode network executive control network neuroimaging salience network tensor-valued diffusion MRI

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Infectious Disease

Background:

Cognitive impairment persists in people with HIV (PWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy.
White matter microstructural abnormalities may underlie HIV-associated cognitive impairment.
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is sensitive to brain microstructural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate brain microstructural integrity using tensor-valued dMRI in PWH.
To explore associations between dMRI metrics and neurocognitive function across brain networks.
To identify potential biomarkers for HIV-associated cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

Exploratory cross-sectional study comparing 31 healthy controls (HCs) and 24 PWH.
Utilized 3T MRI with tensor-valued dMRI and conventional DTI/DKI metrics.
Assessed neurocognitive performance across six functionally defined brain networks.

Main Results:

PWH showed reduced FA, µFA, and MKa in specific brain networks compared to HCs.
PWH exhibited altered MKi in the salience and executive control networks.
PWH performed worse on learning, memory, and language, with associations between MKi and cognitive functions.

Conclusions:

Tensor-valued dMRI reveals network-specific microstructural alterations in PWH.
dMRI metrics, particularly MKi, are associated with cognitive deficits in HIV.
Tensor-valued dMRI shows promise as a biomarker for neurocognitive vulnerability in HIV.