Ionic Extracts of Magnesium Powders Promote In Vitro Lymphangiogenesis

Background/Objectives: Biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials release Mg²⁺ ions during degradation and may promote vascular-related regeneration. However, their effects on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and lymphangiogenesis remain unclear. This study investigated whether magnesium powder-derived ionic extracts could enhance lymphangiogenesis-related behaviors of LECs in vitro. Methods: Mg powder extracts were prepared and diluted for in vitro treatment. After viability screening, Mg (1:10), Mg (1:100), and Mg (1:1000) were selected for further analysis. LEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation were assessed, together with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the expression of VEGFA, VEGFC, and VEGFR3. Results: Mg (1:10) and Mg (1:100) showed good cytocompatibility and significantly promoted LEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation compared with the control and Mg (1:1000) groups. These effects were accompanied by reduced intracellular ROS levels and increased expression of VEGFA, VEGFC, and VEGFR3. Conclusions: Magnesium powder-derived ionic extracts enhance lymphangiogenesis-related responses of LECs in vitro, particularly at the 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions. These findings support the potential of Mg-based biodegradable biomaterials for lymphatic tissue regeneration.