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Intrinsic Cause-Effect Power: The Tradeoff Between Differentiation and Specification.

William G P Mayner1, William Marshall2, Giulio Tononi1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrated information theory (IIT) defines consciousness through cause-effect power. This study shows that intrinsic existence requires both maximal specification and differentiation of states, crucial for consciousness.

Keywords:
complexityconsciousnessdifferentiationintegrated informationintrinsicintrinsic specification

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Integrated Information Theory (IIT) posits consciousness arises from a system's cause-effect power.
  • IIT characterizes consciousness by properties like intrinsic, specific, unitary, definite, and structured experiences.
  • Operationalizing IIT requires assessing substrate units' cause-effect power intrinsically and specifically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address IIT's operational requirements for the intrinsic existence of consciousness.
  • To develop measures for assessing the intrinsic availability (specification) and specificity (differentiation) of cause-effect repertoires in substrate units.
  • To explore the relationship between specification, differentiation, and integrated information.

Main Methods:

  • Formalizing IIT's requirements for cause-effect power in substrate units.
  • Introducing 'intrinsic difference from maximal specification' to quantify the repertoire of cause-effect states.
  • Illustrating concepts with simple micro-unit systems and discussing implications for macro-units and neural systems.

Main Results:

  • Requirement (i) for intrinsic existence is assessed by intrinsic difference from maximal specification.
  • Requirement (ii) for specific cause-effect power is assessed by intrinsic difference from maximal differentiation.
  • A tradeoff between differentiation and specification is identified as necessary for intrinsic existence.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic existence, a prerequisite for consciousness in IIT, depends on both maximal specification and differentiation.
  • These measures provide a quantitative framework for assessing consciousness according to IIT.
  • The findings have implications for understanding consciousness in neural systems and other complex systems.