Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

9.0K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
9.0K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

11.3K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
11.3K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

8.9K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes Following Botulinum Toxin Treatment Using Multimodal Large Language Models: A Paired Before-and-After Analysis.

Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum·2026
Same author

AI in Dermato-Oncology: Diagnostic Performance and Prompt-Injection Vulnerability of Vision-Language Models in Dermoscopic Skin Cancer Assessment.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Assessment: Reliability and Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in a High-Stakes Licensing Examination.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Research: Modality Dependence and Limited Visual-Spatial Integration in Multimodal Large Language Models for Breast Cancer Histopathology.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Diagnostics: Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability of Multimodal Large Language Models in Electrocardiogram Interpretation.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

AI-Based Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin-Induced Facial Changes: Wrinkle Reduction, Region-Specific Effects, and Functional Correlates of Facial Muscle Activity.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

Correction: Luca et al. Global and Regional Diagnostic Results of Progress Toward Cervical Cancer Elimination, According to the WHO Strategy: A Systematic Literature Review with Narrative Synthesis. <i>Diagnostics</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 1224.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Association Between Systemic Inflammatory Response Biomarkers and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Vertebrogenic Low Back Pain and Basivertebral Nerve Ablation: A Review of Mechanisms, Imaging-Driven Selection, and Clinical Outcomes.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Multivalvular Carcinoid Heart Disease: The Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Selection for Heterotopic Bicaval Valve Implantation.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Data-Efficient and Explainable Multimodal Survival Prediction in NSCLC Using Deep Image Embeddings, Clinical Variables, and Gradient-Boosted Trees.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: Cinematic Volume Rendering Technique for Enhanced Anatomic Visualization.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
11:21

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Published on: March 13, 2026

483

AI in Hand and Wrist Radiography: Multimodal Large Language Models for Distal Radius Fracture Detection and

Ibrahim Güler1,2, Armin Kraus1, Gerrit Grieb3,4

  • 1Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise for fracture detection but struggle with assessing fracture characteristics and ensuring consistent results. Current MLLMs do not reliably support comprehensive radiographic assessment.

Keywords:
distal radius fracturefracture detectionfracture displacementgenerative artificial intelligenceinter-run reliabilityintra-articular extensionmedical image interpretationmultimodal large language modelsorthopedic radiographysensitivity

More Related Videos

Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects
08:39

Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects

Published on: June 24, 2025

723
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
11:21

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Published on: March 13, 2026

483
Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects
08:39

Longitudinal Micro-Computed Tomography Image Analysis for User-Defined Region of Interest in Critical-Sized Bone Defects

Published on: June 24, 2025

723
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Artificial Intelligence in Radiology
  • Diagnostic Performance Evaluation

Background:

  • Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are being explored for medical imaging interpretation.
  • Existing studies often focus solely on binary fracture detection, neglecting crucial fracture characteristics like displacement and intra-articular extension.
  • Reproducibility assessments are frequently omitted in evaluations of MLLMs for diagnostic tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of five leading MLLMs in assessing distal radius fractures.
  • To determine the inter-run reliability of these MLLMs across multiple inference attempts.
  • To assess the capability of MLLMs in identifying fracture detection, intra-articular extension, and displacement.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty distal radius radiographs with fractures were analyzed by five MLLMs (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude Opus, Grok, ERNIE).
  • Each MLLM underwent five independent zero-shot inference runs, totaling 1250 observations.
  • Performance metrics included sensitivity for fracture detection and accuracy for other characteristics, with Fleiss' kappa used for inter-run reliability.

Main Results:

  • Fracture detection sensitivity varied significantly across models, ranging from 39.6% to 99.6%.
  • Accuracy for intra-articular extension was consistently low (51.6%–55.6%), indicating chance-level performance.
  • Displacement classification accuracy ranged from 34.8% to 70.4%, with only one model demonstrating substantial inter-run agreement (κ > 0.60).

Conclusions:

  • While some MLLMs achieve high sensitivity for basic fracture detection, their performance in identifying complex fracture characteristics like intra-articular extension is inadequate.
  • The inter-run reliability of current MLLMs for radiographic assessment is limited, with only one model showing substantial agreement.
  • Findings suggest that MLLMs, in their current state, do not reliably support multidimensional fracture assessment, and single-run evaluations may overstate their robustness.