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Beyond Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness: A Comprehensive Scale for Basic Psychological Needs and Novelty in

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Summary

This study validates the Portuguese Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in exercise settings. Findings support novelty as a key psychological need influencing exercise enjoyment and life satisfaction.

Keywords:
enjoymentexercisemotivationnoveltysatisfaction with lifeself-determination theory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits fundamental psychological needs.
  • Novelty is emerging as a potential basic psychological need.
  • Validating measurement tools is crucial for research in the exercise context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in Portuguese.
  • Examine the psychometric properties and temporal stability of the BPNSFS, including a novelty dimension.
  • Investigate the nomological validity concerning exercise enjoyment and life satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on a sample of 500 gym-goers.
  • Assessed temporal stability via a four-week test-retest procedure.
  • Employed path analysis to explore relationships with well-being indicators.

Main Results:

  • ESEM demonstrated a superior fit, supporting eight distinct dimensions.
  • The scale exhibited strong internal consistency (CR = 0.78–0.90) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.75–0.83).
  • Novelty satisfaction positively correlated with enjoyment and life satisfaction; frustration showed negative associations.

Conclusions:

  • The Portuguese BPNSFS is a psychometrically sound instrument for the exercise domain.
  • Results support the integration of novelty as a critical psychological need within SDT.
  • This validated scale can advance research on psychological needs in physical activity.