Integrating Pharmacists into CGM-Enabled Digital Diabetes Care: Advancing Personalized and Data-Driven Management

Background/Objectives: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed diabetes management by enabling high-resolution assessment of glucose dynamics, with well-established use in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D), and expanding applications across broader populations, including non-insulin-treated T2D and gestational diabetes. However, real-world implementation remains constrained by economic barriers, fragmented reimbursement, workflow challenges, and limited capacity for continuous data interpretation. This review examines key barriers to CGM implementation and synthesizes current evidence on pharmacist-integrated CGM care as an emerging model to support CGM adoption across clinical and community-based settings. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted to synthesize evidence on pharmacist-integrated CGM services in diabetes care. Literature was identified through structured searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by Google Scholar and citation tracking, covering publications from January 2010 to December 2025. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, including those reporting clinical outcomes, pharmacist involvement, or health system and implementation factors related to CGM use. Relevant survey-based and real-world studies were also considered to capture healthcare professionals' perspectives and implementation experiences. Evidence was synthesized thematically across clinical, behavioral, and health system domains. Results: Available evidence suggests that pharmacist-integrated CGM care is associated with improvements in glycemic management, including increased time in range, reduced glycemic variability, and more timely pharmacotherapy optimization. Pharmacist involvement may also support patient education, self-management, and engagement with digital health technologies, and facilitate ongoing data interpretation and treatment adjustment between clinical encounters. However, evidence remains heterogeneous and geographically limited, with predominantly retrospective and pilot studies and few randomized trials, constraining the robustness and external validity of the findings. Further studies are needed to confirm its clinical effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and economic value. Conclusions: Pharmacist-integrated CGM represents a promising and operationally feasible approach to supporting CGM use in routine diabetes care. While current evidence indicates potential benefits in glycemic management and care delivery processes, further research and implementation efforts are required to support its effective and sustainable adoption across diverse healthcare settings.