Ankyloglossia in Newborns: Clinical Implications and Management-A Narrative Review

Background: Ankyloglossia is a congenital anomaly characterized by restricted tongue mobility due to a short, thick, or tight lingual frenulum. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes current concepts on etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, functional implications, and management for ankyloglossia in newborns. Results: Ankyloglossia can compromise breastfeeding dynamics, manifesting as suboptimal latch, maternal nipple pain, and inefficient milk transfer, and may influence orofacial function if unrecognized. Because anatomical appearance alone does not reliably predict function, evaluation should prioritize structured functional assessments over purely morphological descriptors. Management should be individualized and stepwise, beginning with lactation support and positioning strategies, and progressing to frenotomy when clear functional limitation persists. In appropriately selected cases, timely intervention can improve feeding efficiency and caregiver comfort while minimizing disruptions to early bonding and nutrition. Post-procedure follow-up is important to confirm functional gains and address residual feeding mechanics. Conclusions: A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach aligns diagnosis and treatment with the infant's functional needs and family goals, promoting safe, effective, and patient-centered care.