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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...

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Preparation of Gynura bicolor DC samples for High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Geographical Discrimination of Xinhui Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by DART-QTOF-MS.

Ximei Wu¹, Qunjie Feng¹, Wenbo Duan²

¹NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 4, 2026

Summary

Authenticating Xinhui Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) origin is crucial. Direct analysis in real-time quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-QTOF-MS) effectively distinguishes genuine Chenpi using low-molecular-weight markers.

Keywords:

2-indolinone Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium DART-QTOF-MS geographical origin discrimination rapid fingerprinting

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chemometrics
Pharmacognosy

Background:

Xinhui Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine.
Origin-related adulteration and mislabeling pose significant challenges to its quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid fingerprinting strategy for geographical characterization of Chenpi.
To identify reliable chemical markers for authenticating Chenpi's origin.

Main Methods:

Direct analysis in real-time quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-QTOF-MS) for rapid spectral fingerprint acquisition.
Chemometric analysis, including Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA).
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for marker confirmation.

Main Results:

DART-QTOF-MS provided fast mass spectral fingerprints with minimal sample preparation.
Low-mass compounds, particularly methyl N-methylanthranilate and 2-indolinone, showed significant origin-related differences.
OPLS-DA successfully discriminated core Xinhui Chenpi from non-core varieties using identified markers.

Conclusions:

DART-QTOF-MS is a promising screening tool for Chenpi origin authentication.
Low-molecular-weight markers are valuable for future quality control and ensuring the authenticity of Chenpi.