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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Immunologic Drivers and Restraints in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.

Rachele Frascatani1, Federica Laudisi1, Carmine Stolfi1

  • 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory bowel diseases increase colorectal cancer risk via chronic inflammation. Immune cells play complex roles in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) development, offering targets for prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, elevate colorectal cancer risk due to persistent mucosal inflammation.
  • Chronic inflammation, epithelial damage, and aberrant tissue repair in IBD promote genomic instability, leading to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex roles of innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of CAC.
  • To explore how immune cell plasticity and molecular pathways influence CAC development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on immune cell functions in CAC.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving pattern recognition receptors, myeloid cells, innate lymphocytes, and adaptive immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune signaling (e.g., Toll-like receptors) activates inflammatory pathways crucial for tumor promotion.
  • Myeloid cells (macrophages, neutrophils, MDSCs) can sustain inflammation and immunosuppression, but also exhibit antitumor functions.
  • Adaptive immune cells (T helper, cytotoxic T, regulatory T, B cells) have context-dependent, divergent effects on CAC evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell plasticity and molecular regulation are critical in CAC pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these immune dynamics may lead to predictive biomarkers and novel immunomodulatory strategies for CAC prevention.