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Testicular Heat-Shock Protein Expression in Rats Following 3.5 GHz and 24 GHz RF-EMF Exposure.

Syed Muhamad Asyraf Syed Taha1, Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar1, Atikah Hairulazam1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Federal Territory, Malaysia.

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Low-level 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure altered molecular stress responses in rat testes. Heat shock protein expression changed, showing subtle effects without apparent histological damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Electromagnetic Field Biology

Background:

  • Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks increase environmental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF).
  • Molecular effects of 5G RF-EMF on male reproductive tissues are not well understood.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for public health and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular stress responses in rat testes following repeated exposure to 3.5 GHz and 24 GHz RF-EMF.
  • To assess changes in heat shock protein (HSP) expression.
  • To correlate exposure levels with observed molecular alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vivo rat model exposed to 3.5 GHz and 24 GHz RF-EMF for 1 or 7 hours daily over 60 days.
  • Integrated electromagnetic dosimetry, including specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation.
  • Performed histological examination and assessed HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 protein expression in testicular tissues.

Main Results:

  • Low SAR values were recorded, with higher absorption at 3.5 GHz compared to 24 GHz.
  • Histological analysis revealed no significant structural injury to seminiferous tubules.
  • Demonstrated frequency- and duration-dependent modulation of HSPs, including HSP70 downregulation, HSP90 upregulation (3.5 GHz), and HSP27 upregulation (24 GHz).

Conclusions:

  • Low-level 5G-relevant RF-EMF exposure can induce molecular stress responses in testicular tissue.
  • These molecular changes occur independently of overt histological damage.
  • Findings highlight the need for further research into the subtle biological impacts of 5G RF-EMF.