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Updated: May 5, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

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Plant Immunometabolism: Metabolic Reprogramming Linking Developmental Signaling and Defense Metabolites.

Wajid Zaman¹, Asma Ayaz², Adnan Amin¹

¹Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|May 4, 2026

Summary

Plants dynamically adjust metabolism for growth and defense. Metabolic reprogramming under stress enhances immunity, crucial for developing climate-resilient crops through integrated systems biology approaches.

Keywords:

crop resilience metabolic reprogramming plant defense signaling plant immunometabolism plant metabolomics secondary metabolites stress adaptation

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Metabolomics
Systems Biology

Background:

Plant metabolism is key for growth, development, and defense.
Metabolic pathways balance resource allocation between growth and immunity.
Stress triggers metabolic reprogramming for defense compound production and immune signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

To review plant immunometabolism, focusing on dynamic relationships between metabolic networks and immune functions.
To discuss metabolic pathways influencing growth and stress-induced defense shifts.
To explore signaling interactions with metabolism and applications in crop resilience.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on plant immunometabolism.
Integration of metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and computational modeling.
Analysis of signaling pathways (calcium, ROS, phytohormones) and their metabolic links.

Main Results:

Metabolic reprogramming is central to the plant growth-defense trade-off.
Complex interactions exist between primary and specialized metabolism and regulatory networks.
Multi-omics and systems biology approaches enhance understanding of metabolic control of immunity.

Conclusions:

An integrated framework linking metabolism, development, and defense is emerging.
Metabolic engineering, genome editing, and metabolomics-based breeding offer potential for crop resilience.
Understanding plant immunometabolism is vital for developing climate-resilient crops.