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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Ovarian Function and Infertility.
Efthalia Moustakli1, Athanasios Zikopoulos2, Periklis Katopodis3
1Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 4th Kilometer National Highway Str. Ioannina-Athens, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Ovarian function depends on molecular mechanisms, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling by metalloproteinases (MMPs). Disruptions in MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can lead to infertility.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology and molecular mechanisms of ovarian function.
Background:
- Ovarian function involves complex molecular processes including follicular development, ovulation, and corpus luteum function.
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is crucial for ovulation and oocyte release, involving enzymes like metalloproteinases (MMPs).
- Imbalances in MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are linked to infertility and conditions like PCOS and endometriosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms governing ovarian function.
- To emphasize the role of ECM remodeling by MMPs during ovulation.
- To examine how dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to infertility.
Main Methods:
- This is a narrative review of existing literature.
- Focuses on molecular mechanisms of ovarian function, ECM remodeling, and MMPs.
- Examines the link between molecular dysregulation and infertility.
Main Results:
- Metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, are essential for ECM degradation during ovulation.
- Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) tightly regulate MMP activity.
- Disruption of the MMP/TIMP balance is associated with infertility and ovarian disorders.
Conclusions:
- Understanding ECM remodeling by MMPs is key to understanding ovulation.
- Dysregulation of MMPs and TIMPs contributes significantly to infertility.
- Further research may identify new therapeutic targets for reproductive disorders and improve assisted reproduction outcomes.
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