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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

655
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
655
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

659
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
659
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

764
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
764
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

702
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
702
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

630
During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
630
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

444
Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
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Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Peripheral Artery Disease.

Francesco Giallauria1, Mario Pacileo2, Gianluigi Cuomo3

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 4, 2026
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Summary

Supervised exercise therapy (SET) is a key treatment for peripheral artery disease (PAD), improving walking ability and reducing health risks. This review covers SET

Keywords:
cardiac rehabilitationexercise trainingperipheral artery disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 100 million adults globally, causing significant functional decline and increasing risks of cardiovascular events and mortality.
  • PAD is a widespread atherosclerotic condition linked to reduced quality of life and severe health complications.
  • Exercise therapy is a primary, guideline-recommended treatment for PAD, enhancing patient outcomes and secondary prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of exercise therapy in PAD.
  • To compare the effectiveness and safety of various exercise models, including supervised, home-based, and hybrid programs.
  • To examine implementation strategies and identify research gaps for PAD exercise therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of current literature on exercise therapy for PAD.
  • Analysis of mechanistic studies focusing on endothelial, angiogenic, metabolic, and autonomic functions.
  • Comparative appraisal of supervised exercise therapy (SET), home-based programs, and alternative interventions.

Main Results:

  • Exercise therapy, particularly SET, demonstrably improves walking performance and patient-reported outcomes in PAD.
  • Mechanistic insights reveal benefits in endothelial function, angiogenesis, metabolism, and autonomic regulation.
  • Various implementation models show promise, with SET often considered the gold standard.

Conclusions:

  • Supervised exercise therapy is a cornerstone of PAD management, offering significant functional and prognostic benefits.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and comparative effectiveness of different exercise modalities is crucial for optimizing patient care.
  • Addressing policy and research gaps is essential for broader implementation and improved outcomes in PAD patients.