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Updated: May 5, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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The Gracilis Muscle Reappraised: An Integrative Synthesis of Anatomy, Embryology, Imaging, and Surgical Applications

Ingrid C Landfald1, Paloma Aragonés2, Dawid Pilewski1

  • 1Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy, 09-402 Płock, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 4, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
MR neurographycomputed tomographic angiographyfree functional muscle transfermedial circumflex femoral arterymotor pointsobturator nerveperforatorsultrasound

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