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Ultra-Processed Food Intake Is Not Associated with Systemic Inflammation in People with HIV.

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People with HIV (PWH) consume high amounts of ultra-processed foods (UPF), but this intake was not linked to adverse cardiometabolic health, inflammation, or gut integrity markers in a recent study. Further research is needed to understand these complex relationships.

Keywords:
NOVA classificationbody compositioncardiometabolic riskdietpeople with HIV (PWH)systemic inflammationultra-processed foods (UPF)

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • People with HIV (PWH) face increased risks of cardiovascular and metabolic issues despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • Diet quality, particularly ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, is a potential modifiable factor influencing these complications.
  • The impact of UPF (NOVA 4 classification) on PWH health profiles is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and cardiometabolic, inflammatory, immune activation, and gut integrity markers in people with HIV (PWH).
  • To analyze dietary patterns using the NOVA classification system in a cohort of PWH on stable ART.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 222 adults with virologically suppressed HIV on stable ART.
  • Dietary intake assessed via 24-hour recalls, classified using the NOVA system.
  • Evaluated body composition, cardiometabolic variables, and biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, and gut integrity.

Main Results:

  • Median ultra-processed food (UPF) intake was 45.6% of total energy intake among PWH.
  • Higher UPF intake was not significantly associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers, cardiometabolic variables, or altered body composition.
  • Differences in overall diet quality were observed between high and low UPF consumers, but specific health markers remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • High consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in people with HIV (PWH) did not correlate with markers of cardiometabolic health, systemic inflammation, or gut integrity in this study.
  • The complex, multifactorial nature of inflammation in PWH may potentially mask or obscure the direct impact of diet.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of diet in managing long-term health complications in PWH.