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Skin Microbiome Patterns Associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series.

Mavra Masood1, David Ozog2, Tengfei Ma3

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) skin lesions show reduced microbial diversity and altered bacterial composition, including less Cutibacterium acnes. These findings suggest a unique skin microbiome signature associated with BCC tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent human malignancy.
  • The role of the skin microbiome in BCC development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in the cutaneous microbiome between BCC lesions, perilesional skin, and healthy control skin.
  • To identify specific microbial alterations associated with BCC.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome shotgun sequencing was employed for microbial analysis.
  • An intra-patient, multi-site sampling design compared BCC lesions with matched perilesional and control skin.
  • Statistical analyses included diversity metrics (Chao1), community composition analysis (PERMANOVA), and species-level abundance comparisons.

Main Results:

  • BCC lesions exhibited significantly reduced microbial richness (lower Chao1 diversity) compared to control skin.
  • Distinct shifts in microbial community composition were observed in BCC samples.
  • Cutibacterium acnes abundance was significantly lower in BCC lesions, with an approximate 27% reduction.
  • Functional profiling indicated differential representation of metabolic pathways related to redox balance and lipid metabolism in BCC samples.

Conclusions:

  • BCC lesions are characterized by localized alterations in microbial diversity, composition, and inferred functional potential.
  • A tumor-associated microbiome signature may be present in BCC.
  • Further research in larger cohorts is necessary to determine the causal role of these microbial changes in BCC development or their adaptation to the tumor microenvironment.