Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Published on: July 1, 2020
Managing Breakthrough Fungal Infections in Hematologic Patients: Determinants and Practical Management from a Latin
Larissa Simão Gandolpho1,2, Daniel Aguilar-Zapata3, Pablo Andrés Moncada-Vallejo4
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
Abstract:
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) are a challenging serious complication in high-risk hematologic patients and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients that may negatively impact their outcome. Despite advances in antifungal prophylaxis, diagnostics, and supportive care, bIFI occurrence reflects a complex interaction between host immunosuppression, emergence of resistant pathogens and pharmacological variables, including subtherapeutic drug exposure. Candida spp. have shifted towards non-albicans yeasts, whereas breakthrough mold infections more frequently involve non-fumigatus Aspergillus, Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedosporium/Lomentospora spp. Early clinical recognition, rapid therapy escalation, aggressive diagnostic investigation, a switch to liposomal amphotericin B-based regimens in patients on azole prophylaxis, and therapeutic drug monitoring are essential to improve outcomes. Reducing the growing global burden of bIFIs will also require improved access to high-quality diagnostics and strengthened educational and stewardship efforts that prioritize antifungal resistance as an urgent health concern.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Antifungal Agents
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

