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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Annual Biochar Application Regulates Maize Internode Development and Yield by Modulating Photosystem II

Yanghui Sui1, Jiping Gao2, Dawei Wang1

  • 1Corn Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China.

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|May 4, 2026
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Summary

This study shows that annual biochar application with nitrogen fertilizer improves maize internode development and photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing crop yield and resilience. The optimal treatment involved 8.4 t ha-1 biochar and 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer.

Keywords:
biocharfluorescence parametersinternode developmentspring maizeyields

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Agronomy
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Maize cultivation faces threats from high planting density and heavy rainfall.
  • Biochar is a soil amendment known to increase crop yields.
  • The specific effects of biochar application frequency on maize internode development and photosynthesis remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanism of biochar frequency on maize internode development.
  • To assess the impact of biochar on photosystem II photosynthetic efficiency in maize.
  • To determine optimal biochar and nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize yield and resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment with nine treatments combining three biochar application rates (0, 4.2, and 8.4 t ha-1 year-1) and three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 180, and 225 kg ha-1).
  • Measurements included internode thickness, stem diameter coefficient, dry weight, plant height, relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (NPQt, ΦNPQ, ΦII, Fv/Fm).
  • Statistical analysis to correlate stem diameter with photosynthetic parameters and evaluate yield traits.

Main Results:

  • N2B2 treatment (225 kg ha-1 N, 8.4 t ha-1 biochar) significantly increased internode thickness (up to 21.7%).
  • Annual biochar application enhanced stem diameter, internode dry weight, and plant height.
  • Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced NPQt and ΦNPQ (photosystem II energy dissipation) and increased ΦII (photosystem II quantum yield) and Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of PSII).
  • The optimal treatment (8.4 t ha-1 biochar + 180 kg ha-1 N) improved maize yield, reduced stem collapse, and maintained post-flowering photosynthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Annual biochar application, particularly at 8.4 t ha-1 with 180 kg ha-1 N fertilizer, optimizes maize internode development and photosynthetic efficiency.
  • This combination enhances maize yield and resilience against environmental stresses like heavy rainfall.
  • Findings provide crucial data for cultivation strategies to improve maize crop performance.