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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
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Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Published on: September 25, 2018

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The Correlation Between PD-L1 Expression in Metaplastic Breast Cancer and Clinical-Pathological Features and

Tugba Toyran1, Ertuğrul Bayram2, Yasemin Aydınalp Camadan2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) shows high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, but PD-L1-negative tumors have higher metastasis rates. Low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density is a key predictor of mortality in MBC.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare, aggressive, triple-negative cancer.
  • Conventional chemotherapy resistance and limited understanding of immune evasion mechanisms pose challenges.
  • Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) roles in MBC prognosis are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate PD-L1 expression and TIL density in MBC.
  • To clarify their prognostic significance and impact on overall survival (OS).
  • To aid in patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 48 MBC cases.
  • Quantification of PD-L1 expression using Combined Positive Score (CPS) with 22C3 antibody.
Keywords:
PD-L1 expressioncombined positive scoreimmunotherapymetaplastic breast carcinomaprognosistriple-negative breast cancertumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
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  • Assessment of stromal TIL density following standardized guidelines.
  • Correlation of biomarkers with clinical outcomes using survival analysis and Cox regression.

    • Main Results:

    • High PD-L1 positivity (72.9%) observed in MBC cases.
    • PD-L1-negative tumors showed significantly higher distant metastasis rates (46.2% vs. 17.1%).
    • Low TIL density (HR=9.66), metastasis (HR=4.40), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (HR=3.84) were independent predictors of mortality.
    • Mean OS was significantly reduced in the low TILs cohort (32.2 months) compared to the high TILs group (114.2 months).

    Conclusions:

    • High PD-L1 prevalence supports screening for immunotherapy eligibility in MBC.
    • PD-L1-negative MBC may represent a high-risk subset with alternative immune evasion.
    • Integrating TIL density with pathological parameters offers a robust prognostic framework for MBC.