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Extraction and Recovery of Flavonoids from Tartary Buckwheat Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Xueting Feng1, Tingting Huang1, Jinmei Feng1
1College of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Green extraction using deep eutectic solvents efficiently recovered flavonoids from Tartary buckwheat. Optimal conditions yielded high extraction and resin adsorption efficiencies, demonstrating a sustainable method for natural active ingredient isolation.
Area of Science:
- Green Chemistry
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional organic solvents for natural product extraction.
- Tartary buckwheat is a rich source of bioactive flavonoids with potential health benefits.
- Efficient and environmentally friendly extraction methods are crucial for isolating these valuable compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize the green extraction of flavonoids from Tartary buckwheat using a specific deep eutectic solvent.
- To investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic mechanisms of the extraction process.
- To evaluate the efficiency of macroporous resin for flavonoid recovery from the extract.
Main Methods:
- Choline chloride/glycolic acid (1:2) was employed as the deep eutectic solvent for flavonoid extraction.
- Response surface methodology was used to determine optimal extraction parameters (water content, liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time).
- Kinetic and thermodynamic models, including Fick's second law, were applied to analyze the extraction mechanism. Macroporous resin (HP20) was used for adsorption and recovery.
Main Results:
- The optimal extraction conditions were determined as 30% water content, 40 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 60 °C extraction temperature, and 40 min extraction time.
- The maximum flavonoid extraction efficiency achieved was 27.22 ± 0.31 mg/g.
- The extraction process followed Fick's second law, indicating diffusion-controlled kinetics. Macroporous resin (HP20) achieved an adsorption efficiency of 80.14 ± 0.33% under optimized conditions (2 h, 2.5 mL/g, 25 °C).
Conclusions:
- Choline chloride/glycolic acid deep eutectic solvent provides an efficient and green method for Tartary buckwheat flavonoid extraction.
- The established extraction process is well-described by diffusion kinetics, suggesting Fick's second law is applicable.
- Macroporous resin adsorption is an effective technique for recovering flavonoids from the DES extract, highlighting the potential for industrial application.
