Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

37.5K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
37.5K
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

683
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
683
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

1.0K
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
1.0K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

12.9K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
12.9K
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

613
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
613

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Keratin-Templated Synthesis of Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents and Drug Carriers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2018
Same author

Predictive Value of Plasma Parameters in the Risk of Postpartum Ketosis in Dairy Cows.

Journal of veterinary research·2018
Same author

Serum Paraoxonase as an Indicator for Fatty Liver in Sheep.

Journal of veterinary research·2018
Same author

Cooperation Between Pten and Smad4 in Murine Salivary Gland Tumor Formation and Progression.

Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)·2018
Same author

Effects of arterial blood on the venous blood vessel wall and differences in percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils between arterial and venous blood.

Medicine·2018
Same author

Why might ALS have negative effects on patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

The American journal of emergency medicine·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.7K

Macromolecular Model Construction and Pore Structure Distribution of Coals with Different Ranks.

Xiaoyue Zhao1,2, Xihua Zhou1,2, Yu Cao1,2

  • 1College of Safety Science & Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Coalification transforms coal structure, increasing aromaticity and altering pore systems from mesoporous to microporous. This evolution impacts spontaneous combustion and methane storage in coals.

Keywords:
low-temperature N2 adsorptionmolecular structural characteristicsoccurrence modes of elementsoxygen-containing functional groupspore development in coal

More Related Videos

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
12:18

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: October 21, 2018

16.2K
Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
08:02

Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: February 25, 2015

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.7K
Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
12:18

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: October 21, 2018

16.2K
Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
08:02

Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: February 25, 2015

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Coal rank significantly influences its chemical structure and physical properties.
  • Understanding coal macromolecular structure and pore systems is crucial for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rank-dependent evolution of coal macromolecular structure and pore systems.
  • To establish representative macromolecular models for different coal ranks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized elemental/proximate analyses, FTIR, XPS, and 13C NMR for structural characterization.
  • Employed low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption with BET, BJH, and DFT models for pore analysis.

Main Results:

  • Coalification leads to progressive aromatization, polycondensation, and removal of oxygen-containing groups and aliphatic chains.
  • Pore structure transitions from mesoporous in low-rank coal to microporous in high-rank coal, with a U-shaped pore volume variation.
  • Nitrogen and sulfur occurrence modes shift towards more stable heterocyclic configurations with increasing coal rank.

Conclusions:

  • Coal rank dictates macromolecular structure and pore network evolution, influencing coal properties.
  • The observed structural changes provide a basis for understanding spontaneous combustion and coalbed methane occurrence.