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On-Chip AC Electrothermal Pump for Pulsatile Perfusion.

Itaru Kawata¹, Sosuke Kobayashi¹, Yoshiyasu Ichikawa^2,3

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.

|May 4, 2026

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A novel AC electrothermal (ACET) pump enables pulsatile perfusion in microphysiological systems (MPSs). This technology enhances osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to static conditions.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Microfluidics

Background:

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are crucial for drug discovery and in vitro testing.
Controlled perfusion is vital for recreating physiologically relevant microenvironments in MPSs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an on-chip AC electrothermal (ACET) pump for pulsatile perfusion in microfluidic cell culture.
To evaluate the impact of ACET pump-driven pulsatile perfusion on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenic differentiation.

Main Methods:

An on-chip AC electrothermal (ACET) pump was designed and fabricated.
Pulsatile fluid motion was generated by applying AC voltage to an electrode array.
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured under pulsatile perfusion and static conditions for five days.

Keywords:

differentiation electrothermal flow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)microphysiological system (MPS)pulsatile flow

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Main Results:

The ACET pump generated tunable pulsatile flow, with velocity increasing with applied AC voltage.
Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was significantly higher under pulsatile perfusion compared to static culture.
The ACET pump demonstrated electrical control over the pulsation cycle.

Conclusions:

The developed on-chip ACET pump provides a simple and effective method for pulsatile perfusion in MPSs.
Pulsatile perfusion promotes enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs.
This technology holds potential for advancing in vitro pharmacological testing and regenerative medicine applications.