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Bioplastics

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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Direct and Indirect Culture Methods for Studying Biodegradable Implant Materials In Vitro

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PLA/Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Ternary Biocomposites for Biodegradable Bone Screw Applications.

Ayşegül Uzuner-Demir^1,2, Rumeysa Yıldırım³, Hürol Koçoğlu⁴

¹Polymer Science and Technology Graduate Program, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye.

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This study developed poly(lactic acid) biocomposites with collagen and hydroxyapatite for bone screws. Different formulations showed potential for either soft or hard bone tissue applications.

Keywords:

biodegradable bone screw collagen hydroxyapatite injection molding micro-compounding orthopedic fixation poly(lactic acid)

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Published on: November 16, 2018

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with potential for biomedical applications.
Biocomposites incorporating collagen (COLL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) aim to improve mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
Developing tailored biocomposites for specific bone tissue types (trabecular vs. cortical) remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To produce and characterize PLA-based biocomposites with COLL and HA using melt micro-compounding and injection molding.
To evaluate the influence of plasticizers (poly(ethylene glycol) - PEG) and compatibilizers (1,4-phenylene diisocyanate - PDI) on material properties.
To assess the suitability of these biocomposites for biodegradable bone screw applications in different bone environments.

Main Methods:

Melt micro-compounding and injection molding for biocomposite fabrication.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for morphological and thermal analysis.
Rheological, mechanical (tensile, impact, DMA), degradation, and cytotoxicity (MTT) testing.

Main Results:

PEG reduced melt viscosity and enhanced toughness, while HA increased stiffness.
Biocomposites with PEG, COLL, and HA showed accelerated degradation.
Specific formulations (e.g., 70/20/10 PLA/COLL/HA/PEG/PDI) were identified as suitable for soft bone, while others (e.g., 70/10/20 PLA/COLL/HA/PDI) were better for hard bone.
No significant cytotoxicity was observed.

Conclusions:

PLA/COLL/HA biocomposites can be tailored for specific bone applications through formulation adjustments.
The inclusion of PEG and PDI influences the processability and mechanical performance of the biocomposites.
The developed materials show promise as biodegradable bone screws for both trabecular and cortical bone.