A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Performance Prediction in Optical Communication Systems Based on PON Scenarios

As optical access networks continue to evolve toward higher capacity, longer reach, and increased user density, accurately predicting transmission performance has become increasingly complex. Conventional physics-based models often struggle to capture the nonlinear and stochastic behavior of modern passive optical networks (PONs), particularly under diverse operating conditions. In this study, a hybrid deep learning (DL) framework is proposed for the prediction of key performance indicators, including Q-factor, receiver sensitivity, and bit error rate (BER), in asymmetric 160/80 Gbps TWDM-PON systems, which is the target capacity by ITU-T G.989.1 specifications. The proposed approach integrates Gradient Boosting Regression and Multi-Layer Perceptron models within an ensemble learning structure to enhance robustness and predictive accuracy. A synthetic dataset comprising 1000 samples was generated to emulate realistic transmission scenarios with variations in distance, power level, and noise conditions for both upstream and downstream channels. Experimental results demonstrate strong agreement between the proposed DL-based predictions and conventional optical simulation outcomes, while the proposed predictions achieve superior adaptability and reduced computational complexity. High coefficients of determination (R² > 0.94) and low error metrics confirm the effectiveness of the framework, highlighting its potential as a fast and reliable alternative to traditional performance evaluation methods in next-generation optical access networks.