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New Perspectives on Analyzing and Interpreting Base Running Efficiency: A GPS Approach.

José Antonio Martínez-Rodríguez1, Jonathon Neville1, John B Cronin1,2

  • 1Sport Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

GPS technology offers new insights into baseball base running by analyzing speed changes during linear and curvilinear sprints. This method helps identify specific performance limitations and inform individualized training strategies for baseball players.

Keywords:
baseballcurvilinear runningmonitoringsprintingtechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Performance Analysis

Background:

  • Base running in baseball requires seamless transitions between linear and curvilinear sprinting.
  • Traditional assessment methods offer limited understanding of speed dynamics during these phases.
  • Developing, maintaining, and losing speed across different sprint types is crucial for base running performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a methodological framework using GPS technology for enhanced analysis of base running performance.
  • To analyze segment-specific velocity and time diagnostics during linear and curvilinear sprints.
  • To identify how speed is developed, maintained, or lost across different phases of base running.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS technology to collect data during linear and home-to-second-base curvilinear sprints.
  • Divided sprint paths into standardized linear (L1-L4) and curvilinear (C1-C4) segments.
  • Introduced a base running efficiency ratio (BREr) to quantify linear speed preservation during curvilinear running.

Main Results:

  • GPS-derived velocity-time profiles revealed differences in athletes' ability to navigate curves and reaccelerate.
  • Segment-specific analysis identified acceleration, maintenance, and deceleration patterns.
  • The base running efficiency ratio (BREr) quantified performance differences across sprint phases.

Conclusions:

  • GPS technology provides diagnostic insights into individual running strategies and performance limitations.
  • This approach offers a valuable tool for individualized assessment and monitoring in baseball.
  • The framework moves beyond normative benchmarks to focus on applied, player-specific performance analysis.