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  1. Home
  2. A Training-free Paradigm For Data-scarce Maritime Scene Classification Using Vision-language Models.
  1. Home
  2. A Training-free Paradigm For Data-scarce Maritime Scene Classification Using Vision-language Models.

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A Training-Free Paradigm for Data-Scarce Maritime Scene Classification Using Vision-Language Models.

Jiabao Wu1, Yujie Chen1, Wentao Chen1

  • 1Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel training-free method for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) using Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs). The approach enhances performance in data-scarce scenarios, outperforming traditional models with minimal data.

Keywords:
intelligent sensing networksmaritime domain awarenessoptical spaceborne sensorssensor data processingtraining-free inferencevision-language models

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Area of Science:

  • Remote Sensing
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) heavily relies on high-resolution optical spaceborne sensor data.
  • Traditional supervised deep learning for MDA faces significant challenges due to the need for exhaustively annotated datasets.
  • Data scarcity severely degrades the performance of conventional models, hindering real-time applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a training-free inference paradigm for MDA that overcomes data scarcity limitations.
  • To leverage the pre-trained knowledge of Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for enhanced MDA.
  • To bridge the perspective gap between natural images and top-down optical sensor imagery.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a Domain Knowledge-Enhanced In-Context Learning (DK-ICL) framework.
  • Coupling DK-ICL with a Macro-Topological Chain-of-Thought (MT-CoT) strategy.
  • Translating expert remote sensing heuristics into a step-by-step reasoning pipeline for VLMs.
  • Main Results:

    • MT-CoT augmented VLMs achieved over 38% higher F1-score compared to traditional models under data scarcity.
    • The zero-gradient approach demonstrated robust generalization on unannotated, out-of-distribution coastal clutters.
    • Performance parity was achieved with data-heavy networks using 50 times less data volume.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed training-free paradigm offers a resource-efficient foundation for next-generation intelligent maritime sensing networks.
    • This approach substitutes massive human annotation and GPU optimization with scalable logical deduction.
    • The framework significantly enhances MDA capabilities in data-limited environments.