Effects of Laparoscopic and Open Ovariectomy on Cortisol and Oxidative Stress in Dogs Under the Same Anesthesia...

The main distinction between open and laparoscopic ovariectomy (OVE) is pneumoperitoneum (PNP) and anesthesia management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic and open OVE on plasma cortisol, oxidative stress (OS), and cardiorespiratory parameters in dogs under the same anesthesia protocol. Twenty healthy female dogs were assigned to laparotomy OVE (LPTOVE, n = 10) and laparoscopic OVE (LAPOVE, n = 10) groups. OS was assessed using the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Blood samples were collected prior to sedation (T0); prior to surgical incision (T1); prior to surgical closure in the LPTOVE group; and prior to the deflation of CO₂ in the LAPOVE group (T2), 2 h after the surgery (T3). The monitored cardiorespiratory parameters were heart rate, respiratory rate, and end-tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂). Cortisol levels at T3 were markedly elevated in the LPTOVE group compared to the LAPOVE group. No substantial changes in TOS, TAS, or OSI between groups were detected. In the LAPOVE group, TOS diminished at T2, but TAS declined and OSI escalated at T3. EtCO₂ levels were elevated in the LAPOVE group at the end of the procedure. These findings support laparoscopic OVE as a less traumatic alternative to open surgery, with careful management of PNP and anesthesia recommended to minimize postoperative stress.