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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

4.3K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

554
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
554
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

41.6K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
41.6K
Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

123
Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur...
123
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

4.3K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
4.3K
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

6.7K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
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Synthesis and Applications of Sulfur-Containing Macrocycles.

Chunhong Liu1, Wanhua Wu2, Cheng Yang2

  • 1Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Molecular Targeted Diagnostic & Therapeutic Drugs, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Sulfur-containing macrocycles offer unique host-guest properties for advanced supramolecular chemistry. This review details their design, synthesis, and applications in recognition and materials science.

Keywords:
fragment couplingmacrocycle‐to‐macrocycle interconversionone‐pot methodpost‐synthetic modificationssulfur‐containing macrocycles

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Methylene-bridged macrocycles are versatile scaffolds in supramolecular architecture.
  • Incorporating heteroatoms like sulfur modulates macrocycle properties.
  • Sulfur-containing macrocycles exhibit unique physicochemical properties and binding affinities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic overview of sulfur-containing macrocycles.
  • To discuss rational design principles and atom-economic synthesis.
  • To explore applications in recognition, separation, and materials science.

Main Methods:

  • Review of rational design principles for sulfur-containing macrocycles.
  • Analysis of atom-economic synthesis strategies.
  • Examination of applications in host-guest chemistry.

Main Results:

  • Sulfur incorporation fine-tunes cavity microenvironments and electronic states.
  • These macrocycles demonstrate enhanced binding affinities compared to hydrocarbon analogs.
  • Applications span molecular recognition, chemical separations, and advanced materials.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur-containing macrocycles represent a promising class of functional hosts.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and unlock future potential.
  • This review provides a roadmap for developing next-generation macrocyclic hosts.