Polyorchidism: A Case Report on Diagnostic Approach and Surgical Considerations

Area of Science:

• Developmental biology
• Pediatric urology
• Medical imaging

Background:

• Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than two testes.
• It typically presents as triorchidism, with the supernumerary testis usually found in the scrotum or inguinal canal.
• Embryologically, it stems from abnormal genital ridge partitioning before the eighth week of gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of incidentally detected left-sided polyorchidism in a 4-year-old male.
• To review the diagnostic modalities and management strategies for polyorchidism.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 4-year-old male with a history of cryptorchidism.
• Incidental detection of polyorchidism during ultrasound for an atrophic right testis.
• Review of diagnostic imaging (ultrasound, MRI) and management principles.

Main Results:

• Polyorchidism was incidentally diagnosed via ultrasound in a pediatric patient.
• The supernumerary testis was located on the left side, with an atrophic right testis.
• Management considerations included associated anomalies and malignancy risk.

Conclusions:

• Polyorchidism requires careful evaluation using imaging like ultrasonography and MRI.
• Management strategies range from conservative surveillance to surgical intervention based on testicular location, morphology, and malignancy risk.
• Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for pediatric patients with polyorchidism.