Analysis of Spontaneous Plant Species in an Urban Green Space in Southern Spain

This study presents a detailed floristic inventory of the spontaneous flora in La Asomadilla urban park in Córdoba, southern Spain. In addition to being the largest urban park in the city, La Asomadilla is characterized by irregular terrain, a transitional location between the Guadalquivir river plain and Sierra Morena mountains, and the predominance of native vegetation with a naturalized appearance rather than a formal garden design. These characteristics make the park an important reservoir of biodiversity and a barrier against the spread of invasive species. A total of 250 species belonging to 60 families were recorded, predominantly therophytes adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions. Two species (Cyperus eragrostis and Valerianella microcarpa) were recorded for the first time in the municipality, along with five orchid species of high ecological value. Several allergenic taxa were identified, primarily belonging to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Oleaceae families, highlighting the importance of considering the impact on public health in the management of urban biodiversity. Unlike most studies on urban green spaces, which focus mainly on ornamental or tree species, this research highlights the relevance of the accompanying wild flora. These species not only contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing temperatures and capturing CO₂ but also provide health benefits for the population. Therefore, this study provides novel and valuable data at the local level to inform ecological and public health management strategies in Mediterranean urban areas.