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Exploring individual biases in BCI research and users: Does gender matter?
Cornelia Herbert1, Viviana Ramos Acuna1, Raphael R K Kneipp1
1Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Gender bias exists in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research, affecting editorial boards, authorship, and study participants. Further research is needed to explore sex differences in brain signals and their impact on BCI performance and usability.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research aims to develop adaptive devices for communication and interaction using brain signals.
- Gender bias is a recognized issue in scientific disciplines, including those with technological and medical foundations.
- Previous research indicates potential gender biases in scientific authorship, editorial roles, and study participation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and extent of gender biases in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research.
- To analyze gender distribution in editorial boards and authorship of BCI publications, particularly those concerning psychological human factors.
- To examine gender disparities in the participation of study subjects within BCI research and review sex-related differences in EEG signals.
Main Methods:
- Systematic analysis of gender distribution in neuroscientific journals publishing BCI research.
- Review of editorial boards and authorship (first, co-, last) of BCI-related publications.
- Examination of gender distribution among participants in BCI studies and review of EEG studies on sex/gender differences.
Main Results:
- Significant differences were observed in the representation of women and men on editorial boards and as authors in BCI research.
- Gender distribution disparities were also found among participants in BCI studies.
- Literature review suggests potential sex-related differences in brain signals, with implications for BCI performance yet to be explored.
Conclusions:
- Findings highlight the critical need to raise awareness regarding gender, sex, and user-related factors in BCI research.
- Future BCI research should systematically investigate gender and sex differences to promote equality and a better understanding of user needs.
- Addressing individual differences, including motivation and cultural background, is essential for advancing BCI technology and user experience.
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