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Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Neonates: A Case-Control Study

Umama B Fatima1, Husna Yoosuf2, Mariam E Mohamed3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Emirates Health Services (EHS), Ras Al Khaimah, ARE.

Cureus
|May 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is linked to neonatal jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. This study identified male sex, ethnicity, and family history as key risk factors, highlighting the need for early screening.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a prevalent inherited enzymatic disorder.
  • It is a significant risk factor for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, commonly known as jaundice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify baseline risk factors associated with G6PD deficiency in neonates.
  • To evaluate the clinical outcomes in neonates diagnosed with G6PD deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 150 neonates (50 G6PD-deficient cases, 100 controls).
  • Comparison of demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  • Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.

Main Results:

  • G6PD deficiency showed significant associations with male sex, ethnicity, and family history (p <0.001).
  • Clinical outcomes included higher rates of jaundice, prolonged hospital stays, and increased phototherapy requirements in deficient neonates.
  • Significantly higher total bilirubin and lower G6PD enzyme levels were observed in cases versus controls.

Conclusions:

  • G6PD deficiency is strongly associated with specific risk factors and adverse clinical outcomes in neonates.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering G6PD deficiency in the context of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Early identification and management strategies are crucial for affected newborns.

Keywords:
case-control studyg6pd deficiencyhyperbilirubinemianeonatesphototherapy

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