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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Osteopathic Student Matriculation Trends in Surgical Subspecialties (2016-2024): A Systematic Review.

Bridgette Kielhack¹, Selena K Cholak¹, Virgil K DeMario¹

¹Department of Clinical Affairs, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

|May 4, 2026

Summary

Osteopathic medical students (OMS) show increased research productivity in surgical specialties post-accreditation merger. Despite score fluctuations, this trend aids students pursuing surgical careers.

Keywords:

ACGME COMLEX USMLE osteopathic medical students residency trends

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Area of Science:

Graduate Medical Education
Surgical Specialties
Osteopathic Medicine

Background:

Limited data exists on osteopathic medical students (OMS) in surgical specialties post-single accreditation system.
Examines impact of policy changes, including COMLEX Level 1 and USMLE Step 1 transitioning to Pass/Fail, on OMS match outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

Analyze trends of OMS matriculating into surgical specialties.
Evaluate the influence of major policy changes on OMS match success.
Guide current OMS pursuing surgical careers.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review using Rayyan and Cochrane risk of bias tool.
Analyzed National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) data from 2016-2024 for OMS applicants and match statistics.
Focused on General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Neurological Surgery, Otolaryngology, and Orthopedic Surgery.

Main Results:

COMLEX-USA and USMLE scores generally decreased, with exceptions in Neurological Surgery (COMLEX Level 2-CE) and Orthopedic Surgery (USMLE Step 2 CK).
General Surgery, Neurological Surgery, and Orthopedic Surgery demonstrated increased research productivity (abstracts, presentations, publications).
Vascular Surgery and Otolaryngology showed declines in research productivity between 2020 and 2022.

Conclusions:

Increased research productivity is a consistent trend for successful OMS in General Surgery, Neurological Surgery, and Orthopedic Surgery.
Declining licensing scores may reflect a broader applicant pool post-merger.
Further research is essential to track trends beyond 2024, especially after the Pass/Fail implementation for Step/Level 1.