Correlation between ZJU index and sarcopenia in elderly inpatients and its predictive value

To investigate the relationship between the Zhejiang University (ZJU) index and sarcopenia in elderly inpatients, and to evaluate its clinical predictive value.

This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 205 inpatients aged ≥60 years were enrolled from the Department of Geriatrics, Changzhou First People's Hospital from January to December 2023. General data, height, weight and laboratory indicators were collected. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed were measured, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was calculated. Patients were divided into non-sarcopenia group and sarcopenia group according to the Asian diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and χ² test were used to compare clinical data between groups. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to explore risk factors of sarcopenia, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the ZJU index.

Among 205 patients, 94 were in the sarcopenia group and 111 in the non-sarcopenia group. Compared with the non-sarcopenia group, the sarcopenia group had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), grip strength, ASMI and 6-meter gait speed, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), uric acid (UA) and ZJU index (all p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between the ZJU index and ASMI. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a high ZJU index was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in elderly inpatients (OR = 1.350, 95%CI: 1.218-1.476, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ZJU index for predicting sarcopenia was 0.7871 (95%CI: 0.616-0.826).

The ZJU index is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia and has favorable clinical predictive value for sarcopenia in elderly inpatients.