Physical models and simulators in veterinary education: current status, learning impact, and future perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Medical Education
• Simulation Technology

Background:

• Veterinary education is evolving with new teaching tools.
• Physical models and simulation are increasingly integrated into curricula.
• This review examines their role in undergraduate and postgraduate veterinary programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the adoption and effectiveness of physical models and simulation in veterinary education.
• To categorize models and simulators and their application across disciplines.
• To evaluate educational outcomes compared to traditional methods.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physical models and simulation in veterinary education.
• Categorization of models and simulators based on function and application.
• Analysis of educational effectiveness and comparison with traditional teaching.

Main Results:

• Model and simulation-based training show equivalent or superior short-term learning outcomes.
• Effectiveness is noted in anatomy, procedural skills, surgery, and emergency interventions.
• Benefits include standardized learning, increased satisfaction, and reduced anxiety.

Conclusions:

• Simulation represents a paradigm shift in veterinary education.
• It aligns ethical responsibility with academic excellence and clinical preparedness.
• Future perspectives involve developing new models for enhanced teaching.