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  3. Parallel Processing Chains Span Cytoarchitectures To Organize Association Cortex.
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  3. Parallel Processing Chains Span Cytoarchitectures To Organize Association Cortex.

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Parallel processing chains span cytoarchitectures to organize association cortex.

Evan M Gordon1,2, Aishwarya Rajesh1, Roselyne J Chauvin3

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

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|May 4, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous studies using fMRI and electrophysiology identified distributed cortical patches with specific category preferences.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) revealed subdivisions within the precentral gyrus, linking somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) nodes with effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organizational principles of the association cortex using multiple precision functional mapping (PFM) techniques.
  • To determine if the organization observed in face processing and SCAN extends to the broader association cortex.
  • To explore the developmental trajectory and functional implications of identified cortical structures.

Main Methods:

  • Employed multiple precision functional mapping (PFM) modalities, including resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), task-based fMRI, and analysis of signal lags.
  • Investigated cortico-striatal connectivity patterns and the temporal ordering of infra-slow fMRI signals within identified structures.
  • Examined the developmental emergence of these structures in the first year of life.

    • Main Results:

    • Discovered that most of the association cortex is organized into small, discrete patches interconnected into "patch-chains," similar to face processing and SCAN organization.
    • These patch-chains densely tile the prefrontal cortex but are largely absent from primary cortical areas.
    • Found that patches within the same chain connect to the same striatal location and exhibit temporally ordered infra-slow fMRI signals, aligning with task-based functional localizers.
    • Observed that these chains are absent at birth and emerge within the first year, suggesting experience-driven development.
    • Demonstrated that cytoarchitectonic areas are subdivided by these patches, with patches in the same chain often spanning different cytoarchitectures.

    Conclusions:

    • The brain's association cortex is organized into experience-dependent "patch-chains" representing parallel processing streams, rather than being solely defined by cytoarchitectonics.
    • This "patch-chain" organization allows for greater parallelization and flexible specialization of neural processing across different information domains and behavioral goals.
    • The findings challenge traditional views of cortical organization and highlight a novel framework for understanding brain function and development.