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Cardiac Fibrosis: Mechanobiology, Epigenetics, and the Path to Precision Therapy
Mohammad Hamouz1, Raneem Y Hammouz2, Christine Caruana1
1Cardiology Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090 Malta.
Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Cardiac fibrosis, a cause of heart failure, can be reversed. Emerging therapies and precision medicine offer new ways to target this condition for better heart health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Translational Medicine
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cardiac fibrosis involves fibroblast activation, cardiomyocyte-ECM crosstalk, and mechanotransduction, leading to myocardial stiffening and heart failure.
- Understanding the cellular heterogeneity and molecular circuits is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current insights into the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis.
- To highlight emerging therapeutic strategies and precision medicine approaches for treating cardiac fibrosis.
- To provide a translational roadmap for the reversal of cardiac fibrosis.
Main Methods:
- Integration of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.
- Analysis of biomechanical studies and epigenetic profiling.
- Review of emerging therapies and precision medicine strategies.
Main Results:
- Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by complex cellular and molecular interactions.
- Emerging therapies like gene editing, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine show promise.
- Precision medicine approaches, including AI and biomarker analysis, enable personalized interventions.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac fibrosis is a reversible and actionable target.
- A combination of mechanobiology, molecular engineering, and clinical innovation is key.
- Personalized anti-fibrotic interventions can lead to durable reversal of cardiac fibrosis.
