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V2VSL: Infrastructure-Free, Decentralized Variable Speed Limit Control.

Kevin Riehl1, Davide Pusino1, Anastasios Kouvelas1

  • 1Traffic Engineering Group, Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zürich, Stefano Franscini Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

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|May 4, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new decentralized variable speed limit system (V2VSL) uses connected vehicles to manage traffic flow, reducing congestion without infrastructure. This approach improves highway speeds and traffic flow, even with partial adoption.

Keywords:
Bellmann controlConsensus algorithmDecentralized controlGossip algorithmVariable speed limit

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Area of Science:

  • Intelligent Transportation Systems
  • Traffic Engineering
  • Control Theory

Background:

  • Traffic congestion significantly impacts environment, economy, and quality of life.
  • Variable Speed Limit (VSL) systems can mitigate congestion by controlling vehicle speeds.
  • Existing VSL systems often require extensive roadside infrastructure and centralized control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a fully decentralized, model-free, and infrastructure-free Variable Speed Limit control system (V2VSL).
  • To leverage connected vehicles as communication infrastructure, sensors, and actuators.
  • To assess the performance and viability of V2VSL in realistic highway scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), consensus and gossip algorithms, and a Bellman controller.
  • Employed traffic micro-simulations using the SUMO simulator with Python.
  • Evaluated performance across three distinct highway bottleneck scenarios.

Main Results:

  • V2VSL demonstrated robustness to platoon gaps and disconnection periods.
  • Achieved significant traffic improvements: up to 15% higher speeds, 5% lower density, and 8% higher flows.
  • Effectiveness observed at a compliance rate as low as 25%, indicating near-term viability.

Conclusions:

  • V2VSL offers efficiency comparable to centralized VSL systems without infrastructure or complex models.
  • The decentralized approach is robust and adaptable for mixed traffic environments with partial Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) penetration.
  • An open-source implementation is available for further research and development.