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Determinants of Medication Non-Adherence in 1,750 Indonesian Adults with Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide
Sofa D Alfian1,2,3, Meliana Griselda2, Indah L Hilmi1
1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
Purpose:
Medication adherence is critical for effective chronic disease management, yet non-adherence remains a major challenge. Current evidence on medication adherence in Indonesia is constrained by small sample sizes, narrow geographic scope, and a failure to adequately account for the complex interplay of social, economic, and cultural factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with medication non-adherence in patients with chronic diseases in Indonesia.
Methods:
This nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out across 34 provinces in Indonesia during April - November 2024. Participants were patients aged 20-74 years diagnosed with at least one chronic disease. Medication non-adherence was assessed through an online and offline self-reported survey. Data was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) reported.
Results:
Among 1,750 participants, 957 (54.7%) were adherent and 793 (45.3%) were non-adherent. Non-adherence was most prevalent in digestive diseases (371/541; 68.6%) and psychiatric disorders (37/52; 71.2%). In multivariable logistic regression, younger age (20-30 years: aOR 4.53, 95% CI 2.90-7.09), residence in Java and Bali (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.85-5.56), lower income (
Conclusion:
Medication non-adherence affected nearly half of Indonesian patients with chronic diseases. Strengthening health insurance coverage, addressing financial and geographic disparities, and implementing targeted education strategies, including gender-sensitive approaches that address financial barriers among women and health perception-related factors among men, are essential to improve medication adherence.
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