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Chirality-Induced Spin Optimization in Lead-Free Metal-Halide Hybrids for High-Performance Flexible X-Ray Detectors.

Xinmei Liu1, Tianshu Li2,3, Cong Geng4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory For Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab For Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chirality-modulated spin engineering in lead-free metal-halide hybrids overcomes exciton localization and enhances carrier transport. This enables high-sensitivity, flexible X-ray detectors with record performance and robust endurance.

Keywords:
Rashba spin splittingchiral controlflexible x‐ray detectorlead‐free metal‐halide hybridsstructure‐Rashba‐performance coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Lead-free metal-halide hybrids face limitations in X-ray detection due to exciton localization and poor carrier transport.
  • Existing detectors struggle with sensitivity and flexibility for advanced imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for high-performance, lead-free X-ray detectors by engineering spin properties.
  • To establish a quantitative link between molecular chirality, spin-orbit interactions, and carrier dynamics in metal-halide materials.

Main Methods:

  • A chirality-modulated spin-engineering strategy was employed using a series of chiral Bi/Sb metal-halide hybrids, (S1-rRr-CHEA)4(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2I10.
  • The enantiomeric ratio of the chiral ligand (1-cyclohexylethylamine, CHEA) was used to control inversion-symmetry breaking and Rashba spin splitting.
  • Characterization involved measuring exciton binding energy, carrier mobility-lifetime product (μτ), and detector performance under various stress conditions.

Main Results:

  • Homochiral assemblies maximized inversion-symmetry breaking, leading to a giant Rashba coefficient (up to 0.41 eV Å-1) and long-lived spin polarization (> 1 ns).
  • Exciton binding energy decreased by 42%, and the carrier mobility-lifetime product (μτ) increased fourfold, indicating suppressed localization and enhanced transport.
  • Flexible X-ray detectors fabricated from optimized homochiral materials achieved record sensitivity (8002 µC Gy-1 cm-2), a low detection limit (75 nGy s-1), and excellent stability under thermal, humidity, mechanical, and irradiation stresses.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular chirality serves as a programmable handle to control spin-orbit interactions and carrier dynamics in lead-free metal-halides.
  • The developed spin-engineering strategy offers a materials-level solution for high-performance, environmentally benign radiation detectors.
  • This approach paves the way for advanced spin-enabled optoelectronics and flexible imaging systems.