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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Structure-Encoded Oxidation Enables Nucleotide-Resolved RNA Editing, Conjugation, and Structural Probing.

Jieyi Shentu1, Ziyi Jiang1, Qilong Tan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center For Industries of the Future, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA secondary structure guides site-selective guanosine oxidation. This enables precise control over RNA modifications for base editing, bioconjugation, and structural studies.

Keywords:
RNA structurebioconjugationoxidationposttranscriptional modification

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • RNA oxidation is common in biological stress and disease.
  • Current methods for RNA oxidation often lack nucleotide-level precision.
  • Existing techniques rely on proximity or specific ligands for targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate RNA secondary structure as a programmable tool for site-selective RNA oxidation.
  • To develop a method for nucleotide-resolved control over guanosine oxidation.
  • To explore applications of structure-guided RNA oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Defining structure-reactivity rules for guanosine oxidation based on loop geometry and oxidant.
  • Developing LOCAL (Localized Oxidation Constrained at Loops), a DNA-programmed, postsynthetic RNA oxidation method.
  • Utilizing selected oxidants and RNA secondary structure to direct oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Established practical rules linking RNA secondary structure to guanosine oxidation site and lesion type.
  • Developed LOCAL for precise, nucleotide-resolved guanosine oxidation in transcribed RNAs.
  • Demonstrated LOCAL's utility in oxidative base editing, RNA bioconjugation, and structural probing.

Conclusions:

  • RNA secondary structure can be leveraged for programmable, site-selective RNA oxidation.
  • LOCAL provides a versatile tool for nucleotide-resolved RNA modification and analysis.
  • Structure-encoded RNA oxidation expands the toolkit for chemical biology and RNA research.