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Rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis
David Ho1, Tony Li1, Ryan Leow1
1Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Future Cardiology
|May 4, 2026
Summary
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) causes mitral stenosis (MS), a condition with serious health impacts, especially in developing nations. Early detection and comprehensive care are crucial for managing this widespread cardiovascular issue.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a primary cause of mitral stenosis (MS).
- MS, often developing after acute rheumatic fever, leads to significant illness and death, particularly in developing countries.
- The condition has a prolonged latent period.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the epidemiology, natural history, and clinical outcomes of rheumatic MS.
- To review current diagnostic methods and management strategies.
- To highlight emerging therapies for high-risk individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiology, natural history, and clinical consequences.
- Review of diagnostic tools, focusing on echocardiography.
- Analysis of management strategies, including interventional and surgical options.
Main Results:
- Rheumatic MS is linked to atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, systemic embolism, and infective endocarditis.
- Echocardiography is a key diagnostic tool.
- Balloon mitral commissurotomy and surgery are established treatments.
Conclusions:
- Emerging therapies like lithotripsy-facilitated procedures and trans-catheter valve replacement show promise.
- Early detection and integrated care are vital for reducing the global burden of rheumatic MS.
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