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This summary is machine-generated.

Trace elements influence allergy development by affecting immune responses and barrier function. Current evidence is inconsistent, and routine supplementation is not recommended without proven deficiency.

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allergyelementstrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are rising globally, influenced by genetics and environmental factors.
  • Trace elements, both essential and non-essential, play roles in immune regulation and epithelial barrier function.
  • These elements may impact the development and severity of various allergic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanistic, epidemiological, and clinical evidence on trace elements in allergy.
  • To discuss the roles of essential (e.g., iron, zinc) and non-essential (e.g., nickel, chromium) trace elements.
  • To highlight the heterogeneity in current research findings and suggest future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of evidence related to asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy.
  • Examination of biological mechanisms including oxidative stress and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Essential trace elements support antioxidant defense and immune homeostasis.
  • Non-essential elements may promote allergic sensitization and inflammation.
  • Associations between trace element status and allergic diseases are inconsistent across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Trace elements contribute to the complexity and heterogeneity of allergic diseases.
  • Methodological harmonization is crucial for future research.
  • Routine trace element assessment or supplementation is not advised for allergy management unless deficiency is confirmed.