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Helminth Infections in Wild Golden Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) in Rwanda.

Amanda Johnston1,2, Carine Uwamahoro3, Alexandre Gategeko3,4

  • 1Columbia University, NY, USA.

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Summary

Habitat loss impacts primate health. Golden monkeys in areas with more human contact and fragmented forests show higher parasite infection rates, indicating increased health risks for endangered primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate ecology
  • Conservation biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Habitat loss is a primary threat to primate survival, influencing population dynamics and health.
  • Golden monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) exist in two isolated populations: Virunga Massif (VNP) and Gishwati Forest, with significant historical deforestation impacting their habitats.
  • Understanding the effects of habitat fragmentation and human proximity on wildlife health is crucial for conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how habitat fragmentation and human contact influence parasite infection prevalence and diversity in golden monkey populations.
  • To assess the interaction between geographic location (VNP vs. Gishwati) and human contact levels (crop foraging, forest edge proximity) on golden monkey health.

Main Methods:

  • Parasite infection was assessed morphologically using fecal samples from golden monkeys in VNP and Gishwati.
  • Mixed-effects models were employed to analyze the effects of location, human contact (crop foraging, distance to forest edge), and their interaction on infection rates.
  • Species richness of parasites was compared between the two populations.

Main Results:

  • Both golden monkey populations exhibited similar parasite species richness.
  • Monkeys in Volcanoes National Park (VNP) displayed a higher prevalence of overall infection and multiple infections compared to those in Gishwati.
  • Groups engaging in crop foraging or located near the forest edge had a significantly higher prevalence of Capillaria infection.

Conclusions:

  • Population density, increased forest edge permeability, and human presence near forest boundaries elevate parasite infection risk in golden monkeys.
  • These findings highlight the parasite-based health risks faced by this endangered primate due to habitat changes and human activities.
  • The study provides critical insights for managing and conserving golden monkey populations in fragmented landscapes.