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Rodents' episodic-like memory: concepts, ageing, neurodegeneration, future.

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Episodic-like memory (ELM) research in rodents reveals crucial neural mechanisms for memory. Ageing and Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Episodic memory (EM), the recollection of event details (what, where, when), was historically considered uniquely human.
  • Episodic-like memory (ELM) studies in animals use behavioral criteria to investigate memory processes.
  • Rodent models offer mechanistic insights into neural circuits and molecular pathways of memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conceptual and methodological advances in episodic-like memory (ELM) research.
  • To highlight the role of hippocampal-prefrontal networks in integrating memory dimensions.
  • To discuss cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying memory linking and consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conceptual advances and methodological challenges in ELM research.
  • Focus on rodent models for mechanistic insights into neural circuits and molecular pathways.
  • Analysis of data on cellular/synaptic mechanisms (tagging-and-capture, ensemble allocation, reactivation) in fear-based ELM.

Main Results:

  • Ageing impairs novelty-dependent neuronal ensemble recruitment in the dorsal CA1, affecting memory persistence.
  • Cholinergic hypofunction models (relevant to Alzheimer's disease) show severe deficits in object, spatial, and integrated ELM.
  • Pharmacological interventions partially reversed memory impairments in cholinergic hypofunction models.

Conclusions:

  • ELM paradigms are translationally relevant for modeling age-related memory decline and neurodegeneration.
  • ELM research provides tools for studying memory dynamics and informing therapeutic strategies.
  • Open questions remain regarding neuromodulation, sex differences, and the aging-Alzheimer's boundary.