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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovations in iTUG Test for Enhanced Risk Assessment and Cognitive Insights
05:26

Author Spotlight: Innovations in iTUG Test for Enhanced Risk Assessment and Cognitive Insights

Published on: October 25, 2024

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Reflective interventions for cybersecurity: insights from a sociotechnical framework application and assessment.

Neeshe Khan1, Sarah Sharples2, Robert J Houghton1

  • 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Cognition, Technology & Work (Online)
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new web tool helps organizations manage unintentional insider threats (UIT) by assessing their cybersecurity maturity. This sociotechnical framework intervention effectively changes planned behavior to improve security.

Keywords:
Cyber securityHuman FactorsUnintentional insider threatframework validationorganisationstheory of planned behaviour

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovations in iTUG Test for Enhanced Risk Assessment and Cognitive Insights
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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity and Human Factors
  • Organizational Psychology
  • Information Systems Security

Background:

  • Unintentional insider threat (UIT) poses significant cybersecurity challenges for organizations.
  • A prior sociotechnical framework with 45 elements across six pillars was developed to address UIT.
  • Managing UIT requires understanding both technical and human elements within an organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based assessment tool derived from a sociotechnical framework for managing UIT.
  • To examine how the tool aids in reflecting on UIT challenges and planning future organizational responses.
  • To assess changes in attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control regarding cybersecurity issues using the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods study involving senior leaders engaging with a web-based assessment tool.
  • Participants used the tool to assess their organization's maturity regarding the sociotechnical framework for UIT.
  • Pre- and post-session semantic scales and semi-structured interviews were conducted, framed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Main Results:

  • Organizations recognize the value of informal peer structures and job-relevant individual development.
  • There is a clear aspiration to enhance technical and sociotechnical defenses through investment in personnel and technology.
  • The study identified areas for improving the assessment tool's inputs for future iterations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed web-based tool, grounded in an empirically derived framework, serves as an effective intervention for modifying planned behavior against UIT.
  • The approach demonstrates the utility of sociotechnical frameworks for organizational reflection and enhancing safety and security measures.
  • Extending human behavior frameworks into practical tools can drive improvements in organizational cybersecurity.