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Multisegment Model for Body Surface Area and Body Volume Estimation.

Pavla A Jarešová1, Martin Hora1, Michal Struška1

  • 1Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new multisegment model accurately estimates body surface area (BSA) and body volume (BV) using geometric solids. The cuboidal trunk model improved BV estimation accuracy by over 5% compared to previous methods.

Keywords:
3D whole‐body scansanthropometrybody segmentsgeometric solids

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropometry
  • Biomechanical modeling
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of body surface area (BSA) and body volume (BV) is essential for understanding human body size and shape variations.
  • Direct measurement of BSA and BV is difficult due to complex body shapes and individual differences in proportion and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel multisegment model for improved estimation of BSA and BV.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of different geometric representations for body segments, particularly the trunk.

Main Methods:

  • A multisegment human body model was created, dividing the body into eight segments represented by geometric solids.
  • The trunk segment was modeled using circular, elliptical, and cuboidal base cylinders to determine the optimal representation.
  • BSA and BV were calculated by summing the surface areas and volumes of these solids, with validation using 60 male 3D whole-body scans.

Main Results:

  • Models utilizing circular and cuboidal trunk shapes yielded more accurate BSA estimates than the elliptical model.
  • The cuboidal trunk model demonstrated the highest accuracy for BV estimation.
  • The developed cuboidal trunk model achieved comparable BSA estimation error but reduced BV estimation error by at least 5 percentage points compared to prior models.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate representation of the trunk segment is critical for precise BSA and BV estimation.
  • BSA estimation accuracy was found to be superior to BV estimation accuracy within this model.
  • The model's enhanced accuracy suggests significant potential for applications in anthropological and physiological research.