Iris planifolia (Mill.) T. Durand & Schinz: geographical variation in phenolic profile and antidiabetic activity

This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the phenolic profile of Iris planifolia (Mill.) T.Durand & Schinz collected from different bioclimatic zones in Tunisia and to assess the antidiabetic potential of this plant. Plant material was collected from three regions of Tunisia (Boussalem, Nefza and Amdoun). Phenolics were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The phenolic composition was performed using an ultra-fast liquid chromatography system. The antidiabetic potential was determined using the α-Amylase Inhibitory Assay. Results showed significant differences between the three studied extracts. Amdoun samples exhibited the highest phenolic content, particularly with a high amount of Quinic acid (3972.95 µg/g), compared to Nefza (1369.75 µg/g) and Boussalem (651.41 µg/g). The α-Amylase inhibitory potential was similar for all the extracts with an amount ranging from 29.83% to 35.63%. Such a study highlighted the potential of I. planifolia as a natural source of functional compounds.